BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 3.0, 2011/6/20)

1. What's new

The following two main points have been updated since the previous version (Rel. 2.0, 2010/4/28).

  1. The central nervous system (so-called brain) have been refined and newly created based on the following anatomy textbooks, charts and reference atlases.
    • Anatomy textbooks
      • The Human Central Nervous System 4th edition [1]
      • Atlas of the Human Brain, Third Edition [2]
      • Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Expert Consult 40th edition [3]
      • Prometheus Kopf, Hals und Neuroanatomie [4]
    • Reference atlases
      • SPL-PNL Brain Atlas 2008 March [5]
      • Talairach Label Data [6]

  2. Inclusion relations between body parts in the conventional tree of "Bp3d Viewer" were semi-automatically generated.
    • The relations are used to define a composite part that is composed of multiple parts. For example, a part named "nervous system" is defined as a combination of a part named "central nervous system" and "peripheral nervous system" based on a relation that the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are included in the nervous system.
    • The relations are defined as a union of "is-a" and "part-of" relationships in Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) [7][8] and the relations derived from the indentations in the list of Latest Anatomical Terms [9], which is based on Terminologia Anatomica Japonica [10].
    • The hierarchy of "is-a" and "part-of" relationships in FMA [7][8] is deep. To make the height of the navigation tree as small as possible, the internal nodes are limited to body parts that are included in both FMA [7][8] and Latest Anatomical Terms [9].

The models have been refined and created in detail.

2. Attentions in use

There are some incomplete parts since BodyParts3D is being improved.
  • Some parts in the release 3.0 are not contained in the release 2.0. Missing parts are not displayed when you switch the release number in the drop-down list from 3.0 to 2.0.
  • Organs might be spatially overlapped or unnecessary spaces might exist.
  • Tube-shaped organs like vessels and trachea are made as solids.
  • At this time BodyParts3D does not contain all the anatomical terms/concepts in Terminologia Anatomica Japonica [10] or anatomy ontologies like FMA [7] [8] because BodyParts3D contains only organs that already have been created as 3D-models.
  • Some inclusion relations can be missing or false ones can exist because they are semi-automatically generated,

3. The number of body parts (organs)

Organ system# of parts
cardinal body part38
set of immaterial anatomical entities40
skeletal system293
articular system54
muscular system699
alimentary system58
alimentary system/endocrine system1
respiratory system18
thorax5
thorax/cardiovascular system2
urinary system9
genital system25
endocrine system6
cardiovascular system102
lymphoid system6
nervous system156
sense organ system4
integumentary system7
Total1523

4. Coordinate system of BodyParts3D

5. Release history

  • Release 3.0: 2011/6/20
  • Release 2.0: 2010/4/28
  • Release 1.0: 2009/2/9

6. References

1. Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, Huijzen, CV: The Human Central Nervous System 4th edition: Springer; 2008.
2. Mai JK, Paxinos G, Voss T: Atlas of the Human Brain, Third Edition: Academic Press; 2007.
3. Standring S: Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Expert Consult 40th edition: Churchill Livingstone; 2008.
4. Schu"nke M, Schulte E, Schumacher, Udo: Prometheus Kopf, Hals und Neuroanatomie: Thieme; 2009.
5. SPL-PNL Brain Atlas 2008 March, http://www.spl.harvard.edu/publications/item/view/1265.
6. Talairach Label Data, http://www.talairach.org/.
7. Rosse C, Mejino JLV: A reference ontology for biomedical informatics: the Foundational Model of Anatomy. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2003, 36(6):478-500.
8. Foundational Model of Anatomy (subset), http://www.obofoundry.org/cgi-bin/detail.cgi?id=fma_lite
9. Latest Anatomical Terms, http://web.sc.itc.keio.ac.jp/anatomy/TA/TA-contents.html; 2007.
10. The Japanese Association of Anatomists: Terminologia Anatomica Japonica, 13th Edition: Igaku-shoin; 2007.